Optimization of Sequential Microwave-Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Flavonoid Compounds from Moringa oleifera

Flavonoid are bioactive compounds that can be found in moringa leaves. Extraction of using conventional method requires a long time and low extract yields. This study was aimed to determine the optimum process conditions sequential microwave-ultrasonic-assisted extraction (MUAE) total flavonoids (TF) from moringa. The response surface methodology (RSM) with Box-Behnken design (BBD) employed operating MUAE among set variables: Time (10 - 30 min), temperature (40 60 °C), solvent concentration (60 80%). Furthermore, content determined high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) antioxidant activity analyzed DPPH scavenging method. RSM optimization showed predicted 3.25 quercetin equivalent (QE) mg/g, achieved under at 49.76 °C, 20.68 min 71.16 %. These were validated, resulting an average error 0.546 MS/HPLC results myricetin 0.167 2.89 g/ 100 mL, respectively. Moringa product has strong IC50 74.58 74.62 µg/mL.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 For first time, microwave ultrasonic flavonoid components conducted
 Data method’s used support industrial-scale machines for extracting flavonoids
 In comparison other techniques, obtained microwave-ultrasonic highest mg QE/g
 It discovered generated technology had greater inhibitory power than maceration approach, 74.58
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT